SYSTEM SAFETY, SOFTWARE SAFETY,
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING,
RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY
REFERENCE MATERIAL

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Interested in good reference material for:
System Safety,
Software Safety,
Human Factors Engineering, and
RAM?
Since its inception many years ago, HCRQ has accumulated an extensive list
which continues to be referenced extensively by industry.

Click here to see our scheduled system safety and software safety courses.
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• Achievement And Assurance Of Safety, Proceedings Of The Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, Edited by Felix Redmill, Tom Anderson, ISBN 3-540-19922-5, 1995.
• A Complexity Measure, T.A. McCabe, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1976, pp 308-320.
• A Critical Look At The CENELEC Railway Application Standards, Odd Nordland SINTEF Telecom and Informatics, Trondheim, Norway, Presented at the TÃœVIT Seminar Application Of The International Standard IEC 61508, January 2003 in Augsburg, Germany.
• Ada In Safety Critical Applications, A. Welz, In Ada-Europe Conference: Ada - The Choice Of '92, Athens, Greece, May 1991.
• A Development Of Hazard Analysis To Aid Software Design, J.A. McDermid, D.J. Pumfrey, In Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS '94), IEEE, pp 17-25.
• A Digital Matter Of Life And Death, Ivars Peterson, Science News, Vol. 133, March 1988.
• A Discipline Of Programming, Edsgar Dijkstra, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1976.
• Advances In Software Inspections, Michael E. Fagan, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 7, 1986, pp 744-751.
• AeSOP: An Interactive Failure Mode Analysis Tool, Stephen S. Cha, In Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS '94), IEEE, pp 9-16.
• Aftermath Of Mount Erebus, William B. Mackley, Flight Safety Digest, September 1982, pp 1-5.
• A Guide To Hazard And Operability Studies, The Chemical Industry Safety and Health Council of the Chemical Industries Association Ltd., 1977.
• A Guide To Practical Human Reliability Analysis, Barry Kirwan, Taylor and Francis, 1992.
• A Guide To Task Analysis, B. Kirwan and L. K. Ainsworth, Taylor and Francis, 1992.
• Aircraft Accident Investigation - 2nd Edition, Richard Wood, Robert Sweginnis, Endeavor Books, ISBN 1892944170, April 2006.
• Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide, Volume 1 - Design Criteria and Checklists, Report #A434812, Richard E. Zimmerman, Norman A. Merritt, Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ, December 1989.
• Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide, Volume 2 - Aircraft Design Crash Impact Conditions and Human Tolerance, Report #A534812, Richard E. Zimmerman, J. W. Coltman, N. B. Johnson, C. V. Ingen, Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ, December 1989.
• Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide, Volume 3 - Aircraft Structural Crash Resistance, Report #A634812, James C. Warrick, Akif O. Bolukbasi, Alan D. Lane, Richard E. Zimmerman, Norman A. Merritt, Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ, December 1989.
• Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide, Volume 4 - Aircraft Seats, Restraints, Litters, and Cockpit/Cabin Delethalization, Report #A734812, Akif O. Bolukbasi, Richard E. Zimmerman, Norman A. Merritt, S. P. Desjardins, Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ, December 1989.
• Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide, Volume 5 - Aircraft Postcrash Survival, Report #A834812, S. H. Robertson, N. B. Johnson, D. S. Hall, Simula Inc, Phoenix, AZ, December 1989.
• Aircrew Fatique, Civil Aviation Authority, October 2005.
• Air Traffic Services Safety Requirements - CAP 670, Civil Aviation Authority, London, June 2013.
• Airworthiness Design Requirements Manual (ADRM), Australian Air Publication 7001.054(AM1), Australian Defence Force, 6 June 2007.
• Ambiguities And Insecurities In Pascal, J. Welsh, K.J. Sneeringer, C.A.R. Hoare, In Pascal - The Language and Its Implementation, Edited by D.W. Barron, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1981, pp 519.
• AMCOM Software System Safety Policy, AMCOM Regulation 385-17, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command, March 15, 2008.
• A Methodology For Evaluating, Comparing And Selecting Software Safety And Reliability Standards, Debra S. Herrmann, In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS '95), IEEE, pp 223-232.
• Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards - Army Pamphlet 385-64, U.S. Army, December 15, 1999.
• Analysis Of Faults In An N-Version Software Experiment, Susan Brilliant, John C. Knight, Nancy G. Leveson, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, February 1990.
• Analysis Techniques For System Reliability - Procedure For Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - IEC 812, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 1985.
• Analytical Methodology For Safety Validation Of Computer Controlled Subsystems, Volume 1: State Of The Art Assessment Of Safety Verification/Validation Methodologies, DOT/FRA/ORD-95/10.2, Volume 2: Development Of A Safety Validation Methodology, DOT-VNTSC-FRA-95-8.11.
• Analyzing Safety And Fault Tolerance Using Time Petri Nets, Nancy G. Leveson, Janice L. Stolzy, In Proceedings of TAPSOFT: Joint Conference On Theory and Practice of Software Development, Berlin, March 1985.
• Analyzing Safety Requirements For Process Control Systems, Rogerio de Lemos, Amer Saeed, Tom Anderson, IEEE Computer, May 1995, pp 42-53.
• Analyzing Software Requirements Errors In Safety-Critical Embedded Systems, Robyn R. Lutz, In Software Requirements Conference, IEEE, January 1992.
• Analyzing Software Safety, Nancy G. Leveson, Peter R. Harvey, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 5, September 1983, pp 569-579.
• An Application Of Fault Tree Analysis To Safety Critical Software At Ontario Hydro, William C. Bowman, Glenn H. Archinoff, Vijay M. Raina, David R. Tremaine, Nancy G. , Presented at the Probabilistic Safety and Management Conference, February 4-7, 1991.
• An Automated Tool To Facilitate Code Translation For Software Fault Tree Analysis, Robert R. Ordonio, Master's Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 1993.
• An Empirical Comparison Of Software Fault Tolerance And Fault Elimination, Timothy J. Shimeall, Nancy G. Leveson, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 2, February 1991, pp 173-183.
• An Engineer's View Of Human Error, Trevor A. Kletz, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, Warwickshire, U.K., 1991.
• A New Model For Customer-Supplier Relations, R.P. Higuera, et al, Software Engineering Institute, 1994.
• An Experimental Evaluation Of The Assumption Of Independence In Multi-Version Programming, John C. Knight, Nancy G. Leveson, IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 1986, pp 96-109.
• An Experimental Study Of Failure Probabilities In Multi-Version Software, J.C. Knight, Nancy G. Leveson, In Digest of papers of the 16th International Symposium On Fault-Tolerant Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1986, pp 165-170.
• An Integrated Approach To The Treatment Of Design And Specification Errors In Electronic Systems And Software, J.R. Taylor, In Electronic Components and Systems, Edited by E. Lauger, J. Moltoft, North-Holland Publishing Co., 1982.
• An Integrated Toolset For Software Safety Analysis, P. Fenelon, J.A. McDermid, Journal of Systems and Software, March 1993, pp 2/1-2/16.
• An International Survey Of Industrial Applications Of Formal Methods, Dan Craigen, Susan Gerhart, Ted Ralston, Sponsored By NIST, NRL, AECB, NIST Technical Report NIST GCR 93/626 (Volumes 1 and 2), March 1993.
• An Introduction To Software Quality Assurance And Its Implementation, D. Ince, ISBN 0-07-707924-8, 1994.
• An Investigation Of The Therac-25 Accidents, Nancy G. Leveson, Clark S. Turner, IEEE Computer, Vol. 26, No. 7, July 1993, pp 18-41.
• Applications Of Formal Methods, Michael G. Hinchey, J. P. Bowen, Prentice-Hall, ASIN 0133669491, 1995.
• Applications Strategies For Risk Analysis, R.N. Charette, McGraw-Hill, 1990, ISBN 0-07-010888-9.
• Applying HAZOP To Software Engineering Models, P. Fenelon, B.D. Hebbron, In Risk Management And Critical Protective Systems, In Proceedings of the Safety And Reliability Society Symposium, October 1994, pp 1/1-1/16.
• Applying Mathematical Software Documentation, Brian James Bauer, David Lorge Parnas, In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS '95), IEEE, pp 272-284.
• Applying Software Metrics, Edited by Paul Oman, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, IEEE Computer Society Press, ISBN 0-8186-7645-0, 1996.
• A Process For Preventing Software Hazards, B. Connolly, Hewlett-Packard J., June 1993, pp 47-52.
• A Reply To The Criticisms Of The Knight And Leveson Experiment, ACM Software Engineering Notes, January 1990.
• Are Your Systems Safety-Critical?, Felix Redmill, IEE Review, May 1997, pp 93-96.
• A Safety-Critical Software Design and Verification Technique, Stephen Sungdeok Cha, PhD Dissertation, University of California, Irvine.
• A Safety Kernel Architecture, Kevin G. Wika, John C. Knight, Technical Report CS-94-04, Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, February 1994.
• A Safety Kernel For Traffic Light Control, Paul Ammann, In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS '95), IEEE, pp 71-81.
• A Spiral Model Of Software Development And Enhancement, Barry Boehm, ACM SIGSOFT SEN, August 1986.
• Assessing Software Based Safety Systems Against The Requirements And Recommendations Of IEC 880 (1986), R.J. Tate, In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Software Engineering Standards Symposium, August 1995, pp 153-165.
• Assessing Traditional Verification's Effectiveness On Safety-Critical Software Systems, Lon D. Gowen, James S. Collofello, In Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 26, 1994, pp 103-115.
• Assessment And Control Of Software Risks, Capers Jones, Yourdon Press, 1994.
• Assessment Of Safety-Critical Software In Nuclear Power Plants, D.L. Parnas, G.J.K. Asmis, J. Madey, Nuclear Safety, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1991, pp 189-198.
• Assessment of Software Development Tools for Safety-Critical, Real-Time Systems - FAA AR-06/36, Federal Aviation Administration, July 2007.
• Assurance Technologies: Principles And Practices, Dev G. Raheja, McGraw-Hill, 1990.
• A Study Of High Integrity Ada - Language Review, B. Jepson, York Software Engineering and British Aerospace Defence Limited, MOD Contract Number: SLS31c/73, Document SLS31c/73-1-D.
• A Survey Of International Safety Standards - Technical Report No. 99-30, Software Verification Research Centre, University Of Queensland, November 1999.
• A Theory Of Software Reliability And Its Applications, J.D. Musa, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 1975, pp 312-327.
• Automated Cockpits Special Report, Part 1, David Hughes, Michael A. Dornheim, Pierre Sparaco, Edward H. Phillips, William B. Scott, Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 30, 1995, pp 52-65.
• Automated Cockpits Special Report, Part 2, David Hughes, David M. North, William B. Scott, Bruce D. Nordwall, Edward H. Phillips, Aviation Week & Space Technology, February 6, 1995, pp 48-57.
• Automated Software Fault-Tree Analysis Of Pascal Programs, Michael A. Friedman, In Proceedings of Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, January 1993, pp 458-461.
• Automated Testing Handbook, L. Hayes, Software Testing Institute, Dallas, Texas, 1995.
• Aviation Automation: The Search For A Human-Centred Approach, C.E. Billings, LEA, New Jersey, 1997.
• Aviation Maintenance Human Factors - CAP 716, Civil Aviation Authority, London, December 2003.